Pain and the Nursing Process

Answers to these questions can be found in this Pain article from Wild Iris Medical Information Nursing CEUs.
I have not had a chance to answer these yet. Post your answers in the comments, then I can add this to the test bank if you think it is beneficial.

1. The primary source of information about pain is the:
a. Parent or guardian.
b. Nurse or caregiver.
c. Attending physician.
d. Person in pain.

2. A pain history interview includes questions about all of the following issues except one. Select the issue that is not included in a pain history.
a. What triggers the pain or makes it worse
b. The intensity of the pain
c. Names of persons who have tried to help
d. The location of the pain

3. The two primary diagnoses for pain identified by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) are:
a. Adult and pediatric.
b. Acute and chronic.
c. Short-term and long-term.
d. Physical and psychological.

4. Adjuvants are drugs that address:
a. Symptoms that accompany pain.
b. Central nervous system pain.
c. Pain caused by tissue damage.
d. Derivatives of opium.

5. Most nonopioid analgesics are potent:
a. Anti-emetics.
b. Antibiotics.
c. Anti-inflammatory agents.
d. Sedatives.

6. In general, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):
a. Include such drugs as Tylenol.
b. Act on mu and kappa receptors in the brain.
c. Are classified as co-analgesics.
d. Affect peripheral nerve endings at the injury site.

7. Opioid analgesics that bind to mu receptor sites and block pain impulses are:
a. Antagonists.
b. Full agonists.
c. Partial agonists.
d. Mixed agonist-antagonists.

8. Many adverse symptoms of opioids are due to their effect on:
a. Body systems other than the CNS.
b. Prostaglandin production capabilities.
c. Glucose metabolism and its byproducts.
d. The complex mind-body interaction.

9. A need to increase opioid dosages for reasons other than the physical adaptation of continuous use is called:
a. Pseudotolerance.
b. Drug tolerance.
c. Psychological dependency.
d. Addiction.

10. A placebo violates the ethical principles of honesty because it:
a. Strips individuals of the right to make decisions about themselves.
b. Has been used by hucksters throughout history.
c. Seeks to deceive the person who takes the placebo.
d. May be used in research to study the effects of drugs.

11. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are used for all of the following reasons except one. Select the incorrect reason.
a. Anxiety and fear reduction
b. Greater sense of control
c. Greater insight to psychic conflicts
d. Alter perception of pain

12. Rhizotomy and cordotomy are:
a. Considered low-risk pain-relieving measures.
b. Indicated for specific types of pain.
c. Both performed in conjunction with a laminectomy.
d. Surgical procedures that involve nerve destruction.

13. Evaluation is a critical phase of nursing care because it tells us:
a. We need to document more thoroughly.
b. The importance of ethical principles to the practice of nursing.
c. The dangers inherent in opioid dependency.
d. The degree to which an intervention achieved an expected outcome.


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