Answer to: #37, #17, #13

37. Discuss the nutritional needs of clients with special diets.
Modification of a client’s diet is necessary for reasons such as: treatment of a disease process, preparation for surgery/special examination, to increase/decrease weight, to restore nutritional deficits, or to promote healing. For example, a client with diabetes mellitus may need a diet recommended by the National Diabetic Association, an obese client may need a calorie restricted diet, a cardiac client may need sodium and cholesterol restrictions, and a client with allergies will need a hypoallergenic diet.

17. Differentiate between chronic and acute pain.
Chronic pain is prolonged, usually recurring or persisting over 6 months or longer, and interferes with functioning while acute pain is pain that lasts only through the expected recovery period (less than six months), whether it has a sudden on slow onset and regardless of the intensity.

13. Describe strategies the nurse can use to prevent falls.
To prevent falls the nurse can:
-Orient client to surroundings and explain the call system upon admission.
- Assess client’s ambulating ability and provide walking aids/assistance for clients that are unable to ambulate on their own.
-Closely supervise clients at RF falls, especially at night.
-Encourage client to use call bell for assistance and keep it within easy reach.
-Keep beside/overbed tables near bed to avoid loss of balance due to overreaching.
-Keep beds in low position and wheels locked.
-Encourage use of grab bars in BR and railings along corridors.
-Use nonskid bath mats in tubs and showers.
-Have clients wear nonskid footwear.
-Keep environment tidy and free from hazards.
-Use individualized interventions.

GOOD LUCK,
Laarni